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Red 32 drives to the basket when the referee calls a personal foul on White 21 and considers that the act of shooting has already started. Therefore, the referee awards two free throws to Red 32. Article 15.1.3 The act of shooting in a continuous movement on drives to the basket or other moving shots begins when the ball has come to rest in the player’s hand(s) upon completion of a dribble or a catch in the air and the player starts, in the judgement of the referee, the shooting motion preceding the release of the ball for a field goal. Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. When the illegal contact occurred, the ball had not come to rest in the player’s hands yet. Red 32 still bounced the ball once more and then grabbed it. The act of shooting had not started yet. The Red team should have been awarded a throw-in from the place nearest to where the foul occurred.
Red 11 jumps to attempt a 3-point field goal. After releasing the ball, the referee calls a foul in the act of shooting to White 3. Article 33.1 The cylinder principle is defined as the space within an imaginary cylinder occupied by a player on the floor. Article 33.2 As soon as the player leaves his vertical position (cylinder) and body contact occurs with an opponent who had already established his own vertical position (cylinder), the player who left his vertical position (cylinder) is responsible for the contact. Outcome: Correct decision from the referees. Defender White 3 invaded the shooter’s cylinder, creating a contact on his knee. The 3-point basket is valid and Red 11 is awarded 1 free throw.
After the last successful free throw by Yellow 9, Blue 8 requests a substitution and the timer sounds his signal to communicate the request. The referees say that the substitution is not possible. Article 19.2.2: A substitution opportunity begins when: For both teams, the ball becomes dead following a successful last free throw. Article 19.2.4: A player who has become a substitute and a substitute who has become a player cannot respectively re-enter the game or leave the game until the ball becomes dead again, after a clock-running phase of the game. Outcome: Correct decision from the referees. Blue 8, who was a player, left the court and became a substitute after the personal foul was called. After the free throws he wanted to re-enter the court. Even if this is a substitution opportunity, he cannot re-enter the court as the game clock has not run since, he left the court.
Green 9 receives a pass near the basket and a contact with Black 13 occurs. The referee calls a blocking foul in the act of shooting and awards 2 free throws to Green 9. Article 33.3 A defensive player has established an initial legal guarding position when: He is facing an opponent, and He has both feet on the floor. Article 33.4 When judging a charge/block situation involving a player with the ball a referee shall use the following principles: The defensive player must establish an initial legal guarding position by facing the player with the ball and having both feet on the floor. Contact must occur on the torso, in which case the defensive player would be considered as having been at the place of contact first. Article 33.10 On any penetration into the no-charge semicircle area any contact caused by an airborne offensive player with a defensive player inside the no-charge semicircle shall not be called as an offensive foul, unless the offensive player is illegally using his hands, arms, legs, or body. This rule applies when: The offensive player is in control of the ball whilst airborne, and He attempts a shot for a field goal or passes the ball, and The defensive player has one foot or both feet in contact with the no-charge semicircle area. Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. Black 13 has established an initial guarding position and the contact occurs on the torso, so he cannot be responsible for a blocking foul. Moreover, Black 13 is in contact with the no-charge semicircle area, so an offensive foul for charging should not be called to the offensive player. This is a no call situation and the game should continue.
White 21 receives the ball being guarded by Red 2. He starts a dribble towards the opponents’ basket. There is a contact between White 21 and Blue 19 and the referee calls an offensive foul for charging. Article 25.1 To start a dribble, the pivot foot may not be lifted before the ball is released from the hand(s). Article 33.3 A defensive player has established an initial legal guarding position when: He is facing an opponent, and He has both feet on the floor. Article 33.4 When judging a charge/block situation involving a player with the ball, a referee shall use the following principles: The defensive player must establish an initial legal guarding position by facing the player with the ball and having both feet on the floor. The defensive player may remain stationary, jump vertically, move laterally or backwards in order to maintain the initial legal guarding position. Contact must occur on the torso, in which case the defensive player would be considered as having been at the place of contact first. Outcome: First, incorrect decision from the referees. White 21 committed a travelling violation, as he lifted his pivot foot (left foot) before releasing the ball to start his dribble. Regarding the contact situation, correct decision from the referees. Blue 19 had established an initial legal position and the contact occurred on his torso. Offensive foul for charging. The ball will be awarded to the Blue Team for a throw-in from the place closest to where the foul was committed.
Red 33 attempts a 3 point field goal from the corner whilst White 3 jumps to try to block the shot. Red 33 falls to the floor and the referee calls a personal foul to White 3, awarding a valid basket and 1 free throw to Red 33. Article 33.3 The offensive player shall not cause contact with the defensive player in a legal guarding position by: Spreading his legs or arms to cause contact during or immediately after a shot for a field goal. Article 33.16 Fake is an action by a player to simulate that he has been fouled or to make theatrical, exaggerated movements in order to create an opinion of being fouled and therefore gaining an advantage. Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. White 3 never invades the shooter’s cylinder. It is the shooter, Red 33, who creates the contact by spreading his right leg outside his cylinder. However, this illegal contact does not put White 3 in a disadvantage, so it shall not be called as a personal foul. Red 3 then lets himself fall to the floor in order to fake being fouled. The referee shall give a warning, showing twice the ‘raise-the-lower-arm’ signal to Red 33 for faking the foul. When the game is stopped and the ball is dead, the warning shall also be communicated to the Red Team Head Coach and it shall apply to any member of his team for a similar action for the remaining duration of the game.
Yellow 33 drives to basket when a contact occurs. The referee calls a personal foul on Black 2 and makes the decision that Yellow 33 had already started his act of shooting. Article 47.3 When deciding on a personal contact or violation, the referees shall, in each instance, have regard for the following fundamental principles: Consistency in application of advantage/disadvantage. The referees should not seek to interrupt the flow of the game unnecessarily in order to penalise incidental personal contact which does not give the player responsible an advantage nor place his opponent at a disadvantage Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. Regarding basketball knowledge and the principle of advantage/disadvantage, the contact created by Black 2 doesn't have any effect on the dribbler's freedom of movement, speed, balance or quickness and no foul should have been called.
White 33 receives the ball in his teams 3-point field goal area. He pump fakes his shot, thus avoiding Black 25 attempt to block the shot and then scores the basket. Article 25.2.1 A player who catches the ball while standing with both feet on the floor: To pass or shoot for a field goal, the player may jump off a pivot foot, but neither foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s). Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. White 33 committed a travelling violation because he lifted both feet, and then returned to the floor before releasing the ball for a pass or a shot for a field goal.
Black #17 drives to the basket guarded by White #1. A contact occurs and the referees call an offensive foul to Black #17.
The Green Team secures a rebound and starts a transition. Green #45 receives the ball and passes it to Green #9. The referee ...
The Blue team takes a throw-in in its frontcourt. Blue #11 misses the pass, the ball bounces on the floor in the back court before ...
White #2 receives the ball while diving to the basket. Black #12 creates an illegal contact and the referee calls a personal foul in ...
Black #19 receives a pass from the throw-in and attempts a two-point shot. A contact occurs with White #55, and the referee calls a ...
White #0 receives the ball from a throw-in and starts to transition. He stops his dribble straddling the centre line, he then steps ...
White #5 makes a layup and the ball is blocked by Blue #11. The referees call a goaltending violation. Article 31.2.1: Goaltending ...
Black #77 receives the ball in the low post, being guarded by White #0. He drives to the basket and a contact occurs. The referee ...