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While Black 20 is dribbling the ball on the perimeter, there is a contact in the corner between Yellow 4 and Black 24. The referee calls a team control foul to Black 24. Article 33.11 It is a foul by an offensive player without the ball to “push off” to: Get free to catch the ball. Prevent the defensive player from playing or attempting to play the ball. Create more space for himself Outcome: Correct decision from the referees. Yellow 4 was trying to prevent his opponent, Black 24, from moving closer to his teammate, Black 2, to play a lateral pick and roll. However, it was Black 24 who created the illegal contact by raising his arms and dislodging the arm of his opponent. The Yellow team shall be awarded a throw-in at the place nearest to where the foul occurred.
Near to the end of the fourth period, Blue 5 secures a rebound. Defender Yellow 10 creates a contact and the referees call a personal foul. As the Yellow team was already in team fouls penalty in that quarter, Yellow 10 was awarded 2 free throws. Article 37.1.1 An unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact which, in the judgement of a referee is: Contact with an opponent and not legitimately attempting to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules. Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. The contact created by Yellow 10 cannot be considered as legitimately attempting to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules and therefore an unsportsmanlike foul should have been called. Blue 5 should have been awarded 2 free throws with no line-up and the Blue team should have been awarded a throw-in from the throw-in line in their front court. The shot clock should have been switched off as fewer than 14 seconds were remaining to the end of the game.
During the rebound after an unsuccessful last free throw, Blue 32 pushes an opponent and the referee calls a personal foul. The referees decide to use the IRS to check if the foul should be upgraded to unsportsmanlike. After the review, the referees decide that the contact created by Blue 32 should be called as an unsportsmanlike foul. Appendix F 3.3 The following game situations may be reviewed: During any time of the game: whether a personal, unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul met the criteria for such a foul or shall be upgraded or downgraded or shall be considered as a technical foul. Article 37.1.1 An unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact which, in the judgement of a referee is: Excessive, hard contact caused by a player in an effort to play the ball or an opponent. Outcome: Correct decision from the referees. The contact created by Blue 32 against White 17 met one of the 5 criteria to be considered an unsportsmanlike foul. White 17 shall attempt 2 free throws with no line-up and the White team shall be awarded a throw-in from the throw-in line in their front court and 14 seconds on the shot clock.
White 23 is dribbling the ball and Black 35 tries to stop his progress by moving into his path. The referee calls a technical foul to White 23 for faking being fouled. Article 33.4 The guarding (defensive) player must establish an initial legal guarding position without causing contact before taking his position. Once the defensive player has established an initial legal guarding position, he may move to guard his opponent, but he may not extend his arms, shoulders, hips or legs to prevent the dribbler from passing by him. Article 33.9 Blocking is illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of an opponent with or without the ball. A player who is attempting to screen is committing a blocking foul if contact occurs when he is moving and his opponent is stationary or retreating from him. Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. Black 35 was late and blocked the dribbler with his knee. A personal foul should have been called and White 23 should have been awarded 2 free throws as the Black team was already in team fouls penalty in that quarter.
Black 9 starts a drive to the basket and two defenders try to prevent the score, with defender White 24 jumping to try to block the shot. The referee calls a held ball resulting in a jump ball situation. Article 33.2 Each player has the right to occupy any position (cylinder) on the playing court not already occupied by an opponent. This principle protects the space on the floor which he occupies and the space above him when he jumps vertically within that space. As soon as the player leaves his vertical position (cylinder) and body contact occurs with an opponent who had already established his own vertical position (cylinder), the player who left his vertical position (cylinder) is responsible for the contact. Article 33.15 Pushing is illegal personal contact with any part of the body where a player forcibly moves or attempts to move an opponent with or without the ball. Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. Once that Black 9 had returned to the floor after the unsuccessful attempt to score, White 24 created an illegal contact against him by invading his cylinder from behind and a personal foul for pushing should have been called.
Black 30 is bouncing the ball in the low post whilst being guarded by White 9. This player, White 9, has a legal guarding position (facing the opponent with both feet on the floor) when a contact occurs and the referee calls an offensive foul. Article 33.12 The principle of verticality (cylinder principle) applies also to post play. The offensive player in the post position and the defensive player guarding him must respect each other's rights to a vertical position (cylinder). It is a foul by an offensive or defensive player in the post position to shoulder or hip his opponent out of position or to interfere with his opponent’s freedom of movement using extended arms, shoulders, hips, legs or other parts of the body. Article 33.15 Pushing is an illegal personal contact with any part of the body where a player forcibly moves or attempts to move an opponent with or without the ball. Outcome: Correct decision from the referees. Black 30 extended his arm outside his cylinder and pushed-off his opponent with his forearm. The ball shall be awarded to the White team for a throw-in from the place closest to where the infraction occurred.
After an unsuccessful field goal by the Blue team, the ball rebounds from the ring with White 7 and Blue 14 going after the ball. The referee turns his body and calls an out-of-bounds. Article 37.1.1 An unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact which, in the judgement of a referee is: Excessive, hard contact caused by a player in an effort to play the ball or an opponent Outcome: Incorrect decision from the referees. White 7 was standing on the court legally when Blue 14 pushed him from behind. Even if Blue 14 was making an effort to play the ball, he created an excessive, hard contact. This is an Unsportsmanlike Foul that the referee missed for not staying with the play until the end and turning his back to the play. White 7 should have been awarded 2 free throws, followed by a White team throw-in from the throw-in line in their frontcourt and 14 seconds on the shot clock.
White 4 steals the ball and establishes a new control of the ball for his team. He passes the ball to White 30, who passes the ball again to White 17. However, Blue 10 jumps from his frontcourt, catches the ball while airborne and lands in his backcourt. The referees consider the action as a legal play. OBRI 30.1 When a player jumps from his frontcourt and gains a new team control of the ball while still airborne, the player may then land with the ball anywhere on the playing court. OBRI 30.2 A1 in his backcourt passes the ball to A2 in his frontcourt. B1 jumps from his frontcourt, catches the ball while airborne and lands: (a) with both feet in his backcourt. (b) straddling the centre line. (c) straddling the centre line and then dribbles or passes the ball to his backcourt. Outcome: Correct decision from the referees. This is not a backcourt violation by Blue team. Blue 10 established a new team control of the ball while airborne and may land anywhere on the playing court. In all 3 cases stated above, Blue 10 lands, with the ball, legally in his backcourt.
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